Expected health effects for an adult assuming the cumulative total radiation exposure was all received within a weeks time. For children, the effects can be expected at half these dose levels.
TOTAL EXPOSURE ONSET & DURATION OF INITIAL SYMPTOMS & DISPOSITION
30 to 70 R From 6-12 hours: none to slight incidence of transient headache and nausea;
vomiting in up to 5 percent of personnel in upper part of dose range. Mild
lymphocyte depression within 24 hours. Full recovery expected. (Fetus damage
possible from 50R and above.)
70 to 150 R From 2-20 hours: transient mild nausea and vomiting in 5 to 30 percent of
personnel. Potential for delayed traumatic and surgical wound healing,
minimal clinical effect. Moderate drop in lymphocycte, platelet, and
granulocyte counts. Increased susceptibility to opportunistic pathogens.
Full recovery expected.
150 to 300 R From 2 hours to three days: transient to moderate nausea and vomiting in
20 to 70 percent; mild to moderate fatigability and weakness in 25 to 60
percent of personnel. At 3 to 5 weeks: medical care required for 10 to 50%.
At high end of range, death may occur to maximum 10%. Anticipated medical
problems include infection, bleeding, and fever. Wounding or burns will
geometrically increase morbidity and mortality.
300 to 530 R From 2 hours to three days: transient to moderate nausea and vomiting in 50
to 90 percent; mild to moderate fatigability in 50 to 90 percent of personnel.
At 2 to 5 weeks: medical care required for 10 to 80%. At low end of range,
less than 10% deaths; at high end, death may occur for more than 50%.
Anticipated medical problems include frequent diarrheal stools, anorexia,
increased fluid loss, ulceration. Increased infection susceptibility during
immunocompromised time-frame. Moderate to severe loss of lymphocytes.
Hair loss after 14 days.
530 to 830 R From 2 hours to two days: moderate to severe nausea and vomiting in 80 to
100 percent of personnel; From 2 hours to six weeks: moderate to severe
fatigability and weakness in 90 to 100 percent of personnel. At 10 days to
5 weeks: medical care required for 50 to 100%. At low end of range, death
may occur for more than 50% at six weeks. At high end, death may occur
for 99% of personnel. Anticipated medical problems include developing
pathogenic and opportunistic infections, bleeding, fever, loss of appetite,
GI ulcerations, bloody diarrhea, severe fluid and electrolyte shifts, capillary
leak, hypotension. Combined with any significant physical trauma, survival
rates will approach zero.
830 R Plus From 30 minutes to 2 days: severe nausea, vomiting, fatigability, weakness,
dizziness, and disorientation; moderate to severe fluid imbalance and headache.
Bone marrow total depletion within days. CNS symptoms are predominant at
higher radiation levels. Few, if any, survivors even with aggressive and
immediate medical attention.
The effects from the above radiation dose levels assume that the total dose was received over a short period of time of a week or less.
The response to radiation varies widely amongst people and the longer the time frame over which a specific dose is accumulated the better your body can respond to, and recover from, the radiation damage. In other words, a normally fatal (to 50% of a group exposed to it) cumulative dose of 530 R, if received all within a week, would create few noticeable ill health effects at all if it was received and spread out over a years time at the rate of about 10 R per week. Think of the difference in acquiring a suntan gradually over a years time at a rate of about an half hour per day compared to packing that years worth of sun exposure (182 hours) all into one solid non-stop week, night and day, for 24/7. The health effect difference is obviously very dramatic.
Saturday, May 17, 2008
Alpha, Beta, Gamma Radiation!
Q: What's the Difference Between Alpha, Beta and Gamma Radiation?
A: Everything in nature would prefer to be in a relaxed, or stable state. Unstable atoms undergo nuclear processes that cause them to become more stable. One such process involves emitting excess energy from the nucleus. This process is called radioactivity or radioactive decay. "Radiation" and "radioactivity" are often confused, the proper relationship is that "radioactive atoms emit radiation."
The three main types of nuclear radiation emitted from radioactive atoms and included in all fallout are:
Alpha: These are actual particles that are electrically charged and are commonly referred to as alpha particles. Alpha particles are the least penetrating of the three primary forms of radiation, as they cannot travel more than four to seven inches in air and a single sheet of paper or the outermost layer of dead skin that covers the body will stop them. However, if alpha particle emitting radioactive material is inhaled or ingested, they can be a very damaging source of radiation with their short range being concentrated internally in a very localized area.
Beta: These are also actual particles that are electrically charged and are commonly referred to as beta particles. Beta particles travel faster and penetrate further than alpha particles. They can travel from a few millimeters up to about ten yards in open air depending on the particular isotope and they can penetrate several millimeters through tissue. Beta particle radiation is generally a slight external exposure hazard, although prolonged exposure to large amounts can cause skin burns and it is also a major hazard when interacting with the lens of the eye. However, like alpha particles, the greatest threat is if beta particle emitting radioactive material is inhaled or ingested as it can also do grave internal damage.
Gamma: Gamma rays are similar to x-rays, they are a form of electromagnetic radiation. Gamma rays are the most hazardous type of external radiation as they can travel up to a mile in open air and penetrate all types of materials. Since gamma rays penetrate more deeply through the body than alpha or beta particles, all tissues and organs can be damaged by sources from outside of the body. Only sufficiently dense shielding and/or distance from gamma ray emitting radioactive material can provide protection.
Bottom Line: All three of the primary types of radiation above can be a hazard if emitted from radioactive fallout that was inhaled or ingested. Protected food and water and even a simple inexpensive dust protector face mask can go a long ways to denying this route of entry. However, for the penetrating gamma rays, it is essential to be able to identify the best protected shielding and distance options available. More information on the specific physical damage caused by gamma radiation is below in the section entitled:
A: Everything in nature would prefer to be in a relaxed, or stable state. Unstable atoms undergo nuclear processes that cause them to become more stable. One such process involves emitting excess energy from the nucleus. This process is called radioactivity or radioactive decay. "Radiation" and "radioactivity" are often confused, the proper relationship is that "radioactive atoms emit radiation."
The three main types of nuclear radiation emitted from radioactive atoms and included in all fallout are:
Alpha: These are actual particles that are electrically charged and are commonly referred to as alpha particles. Alpha particles are the least penetrating of the three primary forms of radiation, as they cannot travel more than four to seven inches in air and a single sheet of paper or the outermost layer of dead skin that covers the body will stop them. However, if alpha particle emitting radioactive material is inhaled or ingested, they can be a very damaging source of radiation with their short range being concentrated internally in a very localized area.
Beta: These are also actual particles that are electrically charged and are commonly referred to as beta particles. Beta particles travel faster and penetrate further than alpha particles. They can travel from a few millimeters up to about ten yards in open air depending on the particular isotope and they can penetrate several millimeters through tissue. Beta particle radiation is generally a slight external exposure hazard, although prolonged exposure to large amounts can cause skin burns and it is also a major hazard when interacting with the lens of the eye. However, like alpha particles, the greatest threat is if beta particle emitting radioactive material is inhaled or ingested as it can also do grave internal damage.
Gamma: Gamma rays are similar to x-rays, they are a form of electromagnetic radiation. Gamma rays are the most hazardous type of external radiation as they can travel up to a mile in open air and penetrate all types of materials. Since gamma rays penetrate more deeply through the body than alpha or beta particles, all tissues and organs can be damaged by sources from outside of the body. Only sufficiently dense shielding and/or distance from gamma ray emitting radioactive material can provide protection.
Bottom Line: All three of the primary types of radiation above can be a hazard if emitted from radioactive fallout that was inhaled or ingested. Protected food and water and even a simple inexpensive dust protector face mask can go a long ways to denying this route of entry. However, for the penetrating gamma rays, it is essential to be able to identify the best protected shielding and distance options available. More information on the specific physical damage caused by gamma radiation is below in the section entitled:
Thursday, May 8, 2008
DARPA
[edit] DARPA's mission
DARPA's own introduction[1]:
DARPA is a Defense Agency with a unique role within DoD. DARPA is not tied to a specific operational mission: DARPA supplies technological options for the entire Department, and is designed to be the “technological engine” for transforming DoD.
Near-term needs and requirements generally drive the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force to focus on those needs at the expense of major change. Consequently, a large organization like DoD needs a place like DARPA whose only charter is radical innovation.
DARPA looks beyond today’s known needs and requirements. As military historian John Chambers noted, “None of the most important weapons transforming warfare in the 20th century – the airplane, tank, radar, jet engine, helicopter, electronic computer, not even the atomic bomb – owed its initial development to a doctrinal requirement or request of the military.”[2] None of them. And to this list, DARPA would add unmanned systems, Global Positioning System (GPS) and Internet technologies.
DARPA’s approach is to imagine what capabilities a military commander might want in the future and accelerate those capabilities into being through technology demonstrations. These not only provide options to the commander, but also change minds about what is technologically possible today.
[edit] DARPA as a model
DARPA's own introduction[1]:
DARPA is a Defense Agency with a unique role within DoD. DARPA is not tied to a specific operational mission: DARPA supplies technological options for the entire Department, and is designed to be the “technological engine” for transforming DoD.
Near-term needs and requirements generally drive the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force to focus on those needs at the expense of major change. Consequently, a large organization like DoD needs a place like DARPA whose only charter is radical innovation.
DARPA looks beyond today’s known needs and requirements. As military historian John Chambers noted, “None of the most important weapons transforming warfare in the 20th century – the airplane, tank, radar, jet engine, helicopter, electronic computer, not even the atomic bomb – owed its initial development to a doctrinal requirement or request of the military.”[2] None of them. And to this list, DARPA would add unmanned systems, Global Positioning System (GPS) and Internet technologies.
DARPA’s approach is to imagine what capabilities a military commander might want in the future and accelerate those capabilities into being through technology demonstrations. These not only provide options to the commander, but also change minds about what is technologically possible today.
[edit] DARPA as a model
HAARP
"HAARP", an acronym for "High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program", is a project having the goal of studying fundamental physical principles which govern the region of the earth's atmosphere known as the ionosphere. It is through this region that earth-based communications and radar transmissions must travel to reach satellites or to probe solar and planetary bodies; and conversely, for radio signals from outside the immediate environment of the earth to reach its surface. It also is from these ionized layers that radio waves reflect to achieve over-the-horizon communication and radar systems. The proposed research will be undertaken using high power radio transmitters to probe the overhead ionosphere, combined with a complement of modern scientific diagnostic instruments to investigate the results of the interactions.
OVERT
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)
–adjective 1. open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret: overt hostility.
2. Heraldry. (of a device, as a purse) represented as open: a purse overt.
—Synonyms 1. plain, manifest, apparent, public.
—Antonyms 1. private, concealed.
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006
–adjective 1. open to view or knowledge; not concealed or secret: overt hostility.
2. Heraldry. (of a device, as a purse) represented as open: a purse overt.
—Synonyms 1. plain, manifest, apparent, public.
—Antonyms 1. private, concealed.
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006
TORTURE
Torture
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• Interested in contributing to Wikipedia? •Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Torture (disambiguation).
Torture by mosquitoes in a Soviet gulag. Painting by Nikolai Getman, provided by Jamestown Foundation.[1]Torture is the intentional infliction of pain or suffering to a degree that is deemed unacceptable in a particular political or legal context. People disagree, often for political reasons, on the definition of torture, and the degree of pain or suffering that must be involved, or the circumstances in which an activity constitutes torture. One generally-accepted definition of torture is given by the United Nations Convention Against Torture, which defines it as
"any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions."[2]
Torture has often been sponsored by governments. In addition, individuals or groups may inflict torture on others for the same reasons as those acting in an official capacity; however, another motive for torture can be for the sadistic gratification of the torturer, as was the case in the Moors Murders. Torture is prohibited under international law and the domestic laws of most countries; however, Amnesty International estimates that 75% of the world's governments currently practice torture as they define it.[3]
Throughout history, torture has often been used as a method of effecting political re-education. In the 21st century, torture is widely considered to be a violation of human rights, and is declared to be unacceptable by Article 5 of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In times of war, signatories of the Third Geneva Convention and Fourth Geneva Convention agree not to torture protected persons (POWs and enemy civilians) in armed conflicts.
International legal prohibitions on torture derive from a philosophical consensus that torture and ill-treatment are immoral.[4] These international conventions and philosophical propositions not withstanding, organizations such as Amnesty International that monitor abuses of human rights report a widespread use of torture condoned by states in many regions of the world.[5]
Contents
1 Etymology
2 Laws against torture
2.1 United Nations Convention Against Torture
2.1.1 Optional Protocol to the UN Convention Against Torture
2.2 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
2.3 Geneva Conventions
2.3.1 Geneva Convention IV exemptions
2.3.2 Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions
2.4 Other conventions
2.4.1 European agreements
2.4.2 Inter-American Convention
2.5 Supervision of anti-torture treaties
2.6 Municipal law
3 History
4 Torture in recent times
4.1 Torture by proxy
5 Aspects of torture
5.1 Ethical arguments regarding torture
5.2 Motivation for torture
5.3 Rejection of torture
5.4 Incrimination of innocent people
5.5 Secrecy
6 Torture methods and devices
7 Torture murder
8 Effects of torture
9 Methods of execution and capital punishment
10 See also
11 Footnotes
12 Further reading
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• Interested in contributing to Wikipedia? •Jump to: navigation, search
For other uses, see Torture (disambiguation).
Torture by mosquitoes in a Soviet gulag. Painting by Nikolai Getman, provided by Jamestown Foundation.[1]Torture is the intentional infliction of pain or suffering to a degree that is deemed unacceptable in a particular political or legal context. People disagree, often for political reasons, on the definition of torture, and the degree of pain or suffering that must be involved, or the circumstances in which an activity constitutes torture. One generally-accepted definition of torture is given by the United Nations Convention Against Torture, which defines it as
"any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions."[2]
Torture has often been sponsored by governments. In addition, individuals or groups may inflict torture on others for the same reasons as those acting in an official capacity; however, another motive for torture can be for the sadistic gratification of the torturer, as was the case in the Moors Murders. Torture is prohibited under international law and the domestic laws of most countries; however, Amnesty International estimates that 75% of the world's governments currently practice torture as they define it.[3]
Throughout history, torture has often been used as a method of effecting political re-education. In the 21st century, torture is widely considered to be a violation of human rights, and is declared to be unacceptable by Article 5 of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In times of war, signatories of the Third Geneva Convention and Fourth Geneva Convention agree not to torture protected persons (POWs and enemy civilians) in armed conflicts.
International legal prohibitions on torture derive from a philosophical consensus that torture and ill-treatment are immoral.[4] These international conventions and philosophical propositions not withstanding, organizations such as Amnesty International that monitor abuses of human rights report a widespread use of torture condoned by states in many regions of the world.[5]
Contents
1 Etymology
2 Laws against torture
2.1 United Nations Convention Against Torture
2.1.1 Optional Protocol to the UN Convention Against Torture
2.2 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
2.3 Geneva Conventions
2.3.1 Geneva Convention IV exemptions
2.3.2 Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions
2.4 Other conventions
2.4.1 European agreements
2.4.2 Inter-American Convention
2.5 Supervision of anti-torture treaties
2.6 Municipal law
3 History
4 Torture in recent times
4.1 Torture by proxy
5 Aspects of torture
5.1 Ethical arguments regarding torture
5.2 Motivation for torture
5.3 Rejection of torture
5.4 Incrimination of innocent people
5.5 Secrecy
6 Torture methods and devices
7 Torture murder
8 Effects of torture
9 Methods of execution and capital punishment
10 See also
11 Footnotes
12 Further reading
GANG STALKING
Gangstalking: ... a form of community mobbing and organised stalking combined. Just like you have workplace mobbing, and online mobbing, which are both fully recognised (as legitimate), this is the community form.
Gang stalking is organised harassment at it's best. It is the targeting of an individual for revenge, jealousy, sport, or to keep them quite, etc.
It's a psychological attack that can completely destroy a persons life, while leaving little or no evidence to incriminate the perpetrators.
Brackets are mine. The full article at source is shaky but should be taken seriously: http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=gang+stalking
Gang stalking is organised harassment at it's best. It is the targeting of an individual for revenge, jealousy, sport, or to keep them quite, etc.
It's a psychological attack that can completely destroy a persons life, while leaving little or no evidence to incriminate the perpetrators.
Brackets are mine. The full article at source is shaky but should be taken seriously: http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=gang+stalking
TI
Ti means, targeted individual.
DICTIONARY.COMDictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1) - Cite This Source - Share This
tar·get Audio Help /ˈtɑrgɪt/ Pronunciation Key - Show Spelled Pronunciation[tahr-git] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation
–noun 1. an object, usually marked with concentric circles, to be aimed at in shooting practice or contests.
2. any object used for this purpose.
3. anything fired at.
4. a goal to be reached.
5. an object of abuse, scorn, derision, etc.; butt.
6. Fencing. the portion of a fencer's body where a touch can be scored.
7. a disk-shaped signal, as at a railroad switch, indicating the position of a switch.
8. Surveying. a. the sliding sight on a leveling rod.
b. any marker on which sights are taken.
9. a small shield, usually round, carried by a foot soldier; buckler.
–adjective 10. that is or may be a target or goal: The target group consisted of college graduates who earned more than $50,000 a year.
–verb (used with object) 11. to use, set up, or designate as a target or goal.
12. to direct toward a target: The new warheads can be targeted with great precision.
13. to make a target of (an object, person, city, etc.) for attack or bombardment.
—Verb phrase14. target on or in on, to establish or use as a target or goal: The club is targeting on September for the move to larger quarters.
—Idiom15. on target, a. properly aimed or on the right course toward a target.
b. accurate, correct, or valid: Their description of the event was on target.
c. filling or meeting a requirement or expectations: The amount of supplies we took was right on target.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Origin: 1350–1400; ME (n.) < MF targuete, var. of targete small shield. See targe, -et]
—Related forms
tar·get·a·ble, adjective
tar·get·less, adjective
—Synonyms 4. aim, end, purpose.
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
TARGET
To learn more about TARGET visit Britannica.com
© 2008 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
American Heritage Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This tar·get Audio Help (tär'gĭt) Pronunciation Key
n.
An object, such as a padded disk with a marked surface, that is shot at to test accuracy in rifle or archery practice.
Something aimed or fired at.
A structure in a television camera tube with a storage surface that is scanned by an electron beam to generate a signal output current similar to the charge-density pattern stored on the surface.
A usually metal part in an x-ray tube on which a beam of electrons is focused and from which x-rays are emitted.
An object of criticism or attack.
One to be influenced or changed by an action or event.
A desired goal.
A railroad signal that indicates the position of a switch by its color, position, and shape.
The sliding sight on a surveyor's leveling rod.
A small round shield.
A structure in a television camera tube with a storage surface that is scanned by an electron beam to generate a signal output current similar to the charge-density pattern stored on the surface.
A usually metal part in an x-ray tube on which a beam of electrons is focused and from which x-rays are emitted.
tr.v. tar·get·ed, tar·get·ing, tar·gets
To make a target of.
To aim at or for.
To establish as a target or goal.
[Middle English, small targe, from Old French targuete, variant of targete, diminutive of targe, light shield, of Germanic origin.]
(Download Now or Buy the Book) The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2006 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Online Etymology Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This
target
c.1400, "shield," dim. of late O.E. targe, from O.Fr. targe "light shield," from Frank. *targa "shield" (cf. O.H.G. zarga "edging, border," Ger. zarge, O.E. targe, O.N. targa "shield"), from P.Gmc. *targo "border, edge." Meaning "object to be aimed at in shooting" first recorded 1757, originally in archery. Verb meaning "to use as a target" is attested from 1837.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2001 Douglas Harper
WordNet - Cite This Source - Share This target
noun
1. a reference point to shoot at; "his arrow hit the mark"
2. a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence; "he fell prey to muggers"; "everyone was fair game"; "the target of a manhunt" [syn: prey]
3. the location of the target that is to be hit
4. sports equipment consisting of an object set up for a marksman or archer to aim at
5. the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable); "the sole object of her trip was to see her children" [syn: aim]
verb
1. intend (something) to move towards a certain goal; "He aimed his fists towards his opponent's face"; "criticism directed at her superior"; "direct your anger towards others, not towards yourself"
WordNet® 3.0, © 2006 by Princeton University.
American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms - Cite This Source - Share This
target
see on target; sitting duck (target).
DICTIONARY.COMDictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1) - Cite This Source - Share This
tar·get Audio Help /ˈtɑrgɪt/ Pronunciation Key - Show Spelled Pronunciation[tahr-git] Pronunciation Key - Show IPA Pronunciation
–noun 1. an object, usually marked with concentric circles, to be aimed at in shooting practice or contests.
2. any object used for this purpose.
3. anything fired at.
4. a goal to be reached.
5. an object of abuse, scorn, derision, etc.; butt.
6. Fencing. the portion of a fencer's body where a touch can be scored.
7. a disk-shaped signal, as at a railroad switch, indicating the position of a switch.
8. Surveying. a. the sliding sight on a leveling rod.
b. any marker on which sights are taken.
9. a small shield, usually round, carried by a foot soldier; buckler.
–adjective 10. that is or may be a target or goal: The target group consisted of college graduates who earned more than $50,000 a year.
–verb (used with object) 11. to use, set up, or designate as a target or goal.
12. to direct toward a target: The new warheads can be targeted with great precision.
13. to make a target of (an object, person, city, etc.) for attack or bombardment.
—Verb phrase14. target on or in on, to establish or use as a target or goal: The club is targeting on September for the move to larger quarters.
—Idiom15. on target, a. properly aimed or on the right course toward a target.
b. accurate, correct, or valid: Their description of the event was on target.
c. filling or meeting a requirement or expectations: The amount of supplies we took was right on target.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Origin: 1350–1400; ME (n.) < MF targuete, var. of targete small shield. See targe, -et]
—Related forms
tar·get·a·ble, adjective
tar·get·less, adjective
—Synonyms 4. aim, end, purpose.
Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1)
Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2006.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
TARGET
To learn more about TARGET visit Britannica.com
© 2008 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
American Heritage Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This tar·get Audio Help (tär'gĭt) Pronunciation Key
n.
An object, such as a padded disk with a marked surface, that is shot at to test accuracy in rifle or archery practice.
Something aimed or fired at.
A structure in a television camera tube with a storage surface that is scanned by an electron beam to generate a signal output current similar to the charge-density pattern stored on the surface.
A usually metal part in an x-ray tube on which a beam of electrons is focused and from which x-rays are emitted.
An object of criticism or attack.
One to be influenced or changed by an action or event.
A desired goal.
A railroad signal that indicates the position of a switch by its color, position, and shape.
The sliding sight on a surveyor's leveling rod.
A small round shield.
A structure in a television camera tube with a storage surface that is scanned by an electron beam to generate a signal output current similar to the charge-density pattern stored on the surface.
A usually metal part in an x-ray tube on which a beam of electrons is focused and from which x-rays are emitted.
tr.v. tar·get·ed, tar·get·ing, tar·gets
To make a target of.
To aim at or for.
To establish as a target or goal.
[Middle English, small targe, from Old French targuete, variant of targete, diminutive of targe, light shield, of Germanic origin.]
(Download Now or Buy the Book) The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2006 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
Online Etymology Dictionary - Cite This Source - Share This
target
c.1400, "shield," dim. of late O.E. targe, from O.Fr. targe "light shield," from Frank. *targa "shield" (cf. O.H.G. zarga "edging, border," Ger. zarge, O.E. targe, O.N. targa "shield"), from P.Gmc. *targo "border, edge." Meaning "object to be aimed at in shooting" first recorded 1757, originally in archery. Verb meaning "to use as a target" is attested from 1837.
Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2001 Douglas Harper
WordNet - Cite This Source - Share This target
noun
1. a reference point to shoot at; "his arrow hit the mark"
2. a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence; "he fell prey to muggers"; "everyone was fair game"; "the target of a manhunt" [syn: prey]
3. the location of the target that is to be hit
4. sports equipment consisting of an object set up for a marksman or archer to aim at
5. the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable); "the sole object of her trip was to see her children" [syn: aim]
verb
1. intend (something) to move towards a certain goal; "He aimed his fists towards his opponent's face"; "criticism directed at her superior"; "direct your anger towards others, not towards yourself"
WordNet® 3.0, © 2006 by Princeton University.
American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms - Cite This Source - Share This
target
see on target; sitting duck (target).
PERP
PERP IS SHORT FOR PERPETRATOR.
DICTIONARY.COM-To be responsible for; commit: perpetrate a crime; someone who perpetrates wrongdoing
DICTIONARY.COM-To be responsible for; commit: perpetrate a crime; someone who perpetrates wrongdoing
Sunday, May 4, 2008
GAS LIGHTING
Gaslighting is a form of psychological abuse. It involves an increasing frequency of systematically withholding factual information from, and/or providing false information to the subject, having the gradual effect of making the victim anxious, confused, and less able to trust his or her own memory and perception. A variation of gaslighting, used as a form of harassment, is to subtly alter aspects of a victim's environment, thereby upsetting his or her peace of mind, sense of security, etc.
The term was coined from the 1940 film Gaslight and its 1944 remake in which changes in gas light levels are experienced several times by the main character. The classic example in the film is the character Gregory using the gas lamps in the attic, causing the rest of the lamps in the house to dim slightly; when Paula comments on the lights' dimming, she is told she is imagining things. Paula believes herself alone in the house when the dimming occurs, unaware that Gregory has entered the attic from the house next door. The sinister interpretation of the change in light levels is part of a larger pattern of deception to which the character Paula is subjected.
This technique is also supposed to have been used by the Manson Family during their "creepy crawler" burglaries during which nothing was stolen, but furniture in the house was rearranged.
The term was coined from the 1940 film Gaslight and its 1944 remake in which changes in gas light levels are experienced several times by the main character. The classic example in the film is the character Gregory using the gas lamps in the attic, causing the rest of the lamps in the house to dim slightly; when Paula comments on the lights' dimming, she is told she is imagining things. Paula believes herself alone in the house when the dimming occurs, unaware that Gregory has entered the attic from the house next door. The sinister interpretation of the change in light levels is part of a larger pattern of deception to which the character Paula is subjected.
This technique is also supposed to have been used by the Manson Family during their "creepy crawler" burglaries during which nothing was stolen, but furniture in the house was rearranged.
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